0:00:01.530,0:00:09.800 The topic of today's lecture is The contemporary use of ornamental poultry - racial diversity 0:00:09.800,0:00:11.700 and variability. 0:00:11.700,0:00:18.699 The lecture is part of Module 4: Precision Livestock Farming, that is a part of the ISAGREED 0:00:18.699,0:00:19.699 project. 0:00:19.699,0:00:26.289 This presentation was supported by Erasmus+ KA2 Cooperation Partnerships Grant "Innovation 0:00:26.289,0:00:32.000 of the content and structure of study programmes in the field of management of animal genetic 0:00:32.000,0:00:34.960 and food resources using digitalization". 0:00:34.960,0:00:42.559 As part of the lecture, we will first present the classification of poultry breeds. 0:00:42.559,0:00:50.930 Next, we will move on to the general characteristics of the so-called ornamental breeds, and then 0:00:50.930,0:00:57.989 we will present the selected ornamental breeds in more detail. 0:00:57.989,0:01:05.470 One of the possible criteria for classifying poultry breeds is their production purpose. 0:01:05.470,0:01:10.710 For laying breeds, the primary production is eggs. 0:01:10.710,0:01:13.380 For meat breeds, it is meat production. 0:01:13.380,0:01:20.240 We also have dual-purpose breeds that are used for egg production as well as meat. 0:01:20.240,0:01:27.320 With the so-called ornamental breeds, the priority is not production - direct material 0:01:27.320,0:01:35.650 benefit, but they are bred for their specific exterior features and characteristics. 0:01:35.650,0:01:42.869 These include, for example, a specific type of plumage, different color patterns, the 0:01:42.869,0:01:50.400 presence of a beard, comb, wattles, distinctly feathered feet, and the like. 0:01:50.400,0:01:57.399 These specific traits can be considered breeding traits, usually specified in the so-called 0:01:57.399,0:01:59.840 breeding standard. 0:01:59.840,0:02:02.700 These features are genetically determined. 0:02:02.700,0:02:09.970 Currently, some specific genes and their mutations responsible for these specific phenotypic 0:02:09.970,0:02:20.730 manifestations are already known, for example, the gene KRT75, which is associated with frizzle 0:02:20.730,0:02:30.760 plumage, and HOXC8, which causes the presence of a crest on the head. 0:02:30.760,0:02:36.950 Curly or frizzle plumage is quite common in ornamental poultry. 0:02:36.950,0:02:46.160 It occurs, for example, in the Polish, Cochin, Plymouth Rock, Japanese, and Silkies. 0:02:46.160,0:02:52.659 From the point of view of genetic determination, it is a phenotype that is incompletely dominant 0:02:52.659,0:03:00.590 over standard plumage, so it never occurs in all individuals within the breed. 0:03:00.590,0:03:09.209 Now we will introduce several selected interesting breeds of ornamental poultry in more detail. 0:03:09.209,0:03:11.400 Silkie. 0:03:11.400,0:03:15.950 It belongs to the most popular ornamental breeds of poultry. 0:03:15.950,0:03:18.220 The breed originates from Asia. 0:03:18.220,0:03:22.450 The miniature form was bred in the Netherlands. 0:03:22.450,0:03:29.730 It is characterized by atypically fluffy feathers resembling "hairs," which are very soft to 0:03:29.730,0:03:37.330 the touch, reminiscent of silk, from which the breed's name is derived, or satin. 0:03:37.330,0:03:44.860 Special features include black-colored skin and bones, blue earlobes, and five toes on 0:03:44.860,0:03:46.730 each foot. 0:03:46.730,0:03:54.620 They come in many color variants (most often in shades of white, yellow, orange, and black). 0:03:54.620,0:04:04.560 Roosters weigh between 1 and 2 kg, hens up to 1.4 kilograms, and miniature forms weigh 0:04:04.560,0:04:09.790 around 0.5 kg. 0:04:09.790,0:04:14.950 A calm and friendly temperament characterizes silkies. 0:04:14.950,0:04:21.840 They can be easily tamed, so keeping them as companion pets is possible. 0:04:21.840,0:04:23.490 Wyandotte. 0:04:23.490,0:04:30.940 This medium-heavy, dual-purpose breed was bred in the USA for meat and egg production. 0:04:30.940,0:04:39.509 Named after the Wyandotte Indian tribe, it has been known since about 1880. 0:04:39.509,0:04:45.539 The mother country of the miniature form is Germany. 0:04:45.539,0:04:49.100 A robust body structure characterizes Wyandottes. 0:04:49.100,0:04:59.669 The weight of roosters is up to 3.5 kg, hens up to 3 kg, and in miniature forms, around 0:04:59.669,0:05:01.600 1 kg. 0:05:01.600,0:05:09.270 The feathers do not stick to the body and generally round out the body curves even more. 0:05:09.270,0:05:15.419 There are many color variants - for example, white, blue, red, and various mottled and 0:05:15.419,0:05:17.550 brindled forms. 0:05:17.550,0:05:21.850 The first color variant was silver with black trim. 0:05:21.850,0:05:28.330 The breed is characterized by a calm temperament and good maternal qualities. 0:05:28.330,0:05:33.380 It is suitable for keeping outdoors, for example, in the garden. 0:05:33.380,0:05:38.389 It also gets along well with other types of poultry. 0:05:38.389,0:05:47.630 The laying is around 180 eggs weighing approximately 55 g each year. 0:05:47.630,0:05:51.530 Barbu d'Uccle Chicken. 0:05:51.530,0:05:57.630 This is a Belgian breed of so-called bantam or light chickens. 0:05:57.630,0:06:02.340 It was first introduced in 1905. 0:06:02.340,0:06:11.580 These are small animals with an average weight of roosters around 750 g and hens 650 g. 0:06:11.580,0:06:22.190 The birds are characterized by beards protruding from the cheeks and chin and heavily feathered 0:06:22.190,0:06:23.380 feet. 0:06:23.380,0:06:27.440 There are up to 28 different color variants. 0:06:27.440,0:06:32.830 In the past, the most common coloring was millefleur. 0:06:32.830,0:06:40.960 Hence, sometimes this breed was called according to this color as millefleur chicken. 0:06:40.960,0:06:42.819 Faverolles Chicken. 0:06:42.819,0:06:52.849 The breed was bred in France at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. 0:06:52.849,0:07:01.320 Currently, there are three types of Faverolles chicken (original French, English, and German), 0:07:01.320,0:07:05.370 which differ in body structure and plumage color. 0:07:05.370,0:07:12.762 These are medium to heavier animals, weighing up to 5 kg for roosters and around 4 kg for 0:07:12.762,0:07:14.139 hens. 0:07:14.139,0:07:18.790 Good meat yield is also related to this breed. 0:07:18.790,0:07:21.490 Chickens also grow quickly. 0:07:21.490,0:07:28.729 There are several color variants, the most common being salmon color. 0:07:28.729,0:07:34.960 They have feathered heads with prominent beard and feathered feet with five toes. 0:07:34.960,0:07:41.169 They accept more demanding conditions and temperature fluctuations well. 0:07:41.169,0:07:50.259 They are also suitable as pets thanks to their calm, trouble-free behavior. 0:07:50.259,0:07:52.440 Sebright chicken. 0:07:52.440,0:08:00.360 This is a miniature breed that was bred in 19th-century in England by Sir John Sebright. 0:08:00.360,0:08:04.259 It is a breed with a small body frame. 0:08:04.259,0:08:11.080 The roosters weigh around 600 g, for hens a little less. 0:08:11.080,0:08:15.139 The two most common color variants are gold and silver. 0:08:15.139,0:08:20.030 The plumage looks like lace with a black-framed pattern. 0:08:20.030,0:08:26.759 They are active, independent animals with a gentle, friendly nature that can be easily 0:08:26.759,0:08:27.759 tamed. 0:08:27.759,0:08:37.899 A particular disadvantage can be their greater susceptibility to various diseases. 0:08:37.899,0:08:39.380 Phoenix chicken. 0:08:39.380,0:08:46.970 This German breed with typical long tail feathers was created using the Japanese Onagadori breed. 0:08:46.970,0:08:51.700 However, only roosters have a conspicuous long tail. 0:08:51.700,0:08:59.250 There are two variants - standard roosters with a weight of around 2.5 kg and bantam 0:08:59.250,0:09:03.260 with a weight of around 700 g. 0:09:03.260,0:09:12.720 These birds have a calm temperament, but expecting higher demands on breeding conditions is necessary. 0:09:12.720,0:09:19.519 It is essential to constantly maintain the cleanliness of the environment to avoid pollution 0:09:19.519,0:09:23.670 and damage to the long tail feathers. 0:09:23.670,0:09:31.089 Phoenixes also fly well, so keeping them in a covered aviary is recommended. 0:09:31.089,0:09:34.650 Brahma Chicken. 0:09:34.650,0:09:41.279 It was bred in the USA based on individuals imported from China. 0:09:41.279,0:09:49.149 Until 1930, it was the most widespread breed used for meat production in the USA. 0:09:49.149,0:09:55.779 A robust, broad, and high-carried body is typical for Brahma chicken. 0:09:55.779,0:10:02.100 They are conspicuous for their rich, soft feathers and feathered feet. 0:10:02.100,0:10:10.140 The roosters weigh 4.5-5 kg, hens are slightly smaller. 0:10:10.140,0:10:22.019 There is also a miniature variant with a weight of roosters of 1.2 - 1.4 kg and hens around 0:10:22.019,0:10:24.200 1 kg. 0:10:24.200,0:10:28.160 The most common color variants are light, dark, and buff. 0:10:28.160,0:10:36.630 The Brahma is a tough, undemanding hen that can be outdoors all year round. 0:10:36.630,0:10:41.230 They are characterized by a calm temperament and a friendly nature. 0:10:41.230,0:10:46.410 It belongs to the breeds demanding good nutrition. 0:10:46.410,0:10:57.880 They will not reach the desired body frame and weight without quality feed rich in protein. 0:10:57.880,0:10:58.880 Hamburg chicken. 0:10:58.880,0:11:02.790 A breed with not exactly known origin. 0:11:02.790,0:11:09.510 England and the northern coast of Western Europe are mentioned, but sometimes also Germany 0:11:09.510,0:11:12.029 and the Netherlands. 0:11:12.029,0:11:21.230 In any case, Hamburg chicken has a long history - their first mention dates back to 1700. 0:11:21.230,0:11:26.350 At first, they were bred mainly for the purpose of egg production. 0:11:26.350,0:11:30.090 This is a breed of small to medium body frame. 0:11:30.090,0:11:34.870 We recognize more than ten color variants. 0:11:34.870,0:11:41.470 Drawings can be divided into three groups - the most famous are dotted, then striped, 0:11:41.470,0:11:42.470 and solid. 0:11:42.470,0:11:50.300 The striped birds are said to be the smallest, the spotted ones are medium, and the largest 0:11:50.300,0:11:52.190 are solid. 0:11:52.190,0:11:58.810 The most famous Hamburg hens in the Czech Republic are silver and black dotted. 0:11:58.810,0:12:05.500 Hamburg chickens do not tolerate low winter temperatures well, so adjusting the winter 0:12:05.500,0:12:09.589 housing accordingly is necessary. 0:12:09.589,0:12:14.620 It is also necessary to take into account that they fly relatively well, so it is better 0:12:14.620,0:12:16.570 to cover the coop. 0:12:16.570,0:12:25.100 Hamburg chickens are very active and alert, sometimes with a tendency to run away - so 0:12:25.100,0:12:30.529 they are not very suitable as pets (especially for children). 0:12:30.529,0:12:31.529 Polish chicken. 0:12:31.529,0:12:39.459 This is a European breed of crested hen known for its remarkable crest of feathers. 0:12:39.459,0:12:45.399 The earliest reports of these birds come from the Netherlands; however, their exact origin 0:12:45.399,0:12:50.790 is unknown, sometimes Poland is also mentioned. 0:12:50.790,0:12:58.020 The main breeding feature of these light-type hens is a large crest, which can be white, 0:12:58.020,0:13:01.730 black, or colored like the rest of the body. 0:13:01.730,0:13:09.640 Polish chicken is a small to medium-body frame breed, with a somewhat higher body and a longer, 0:13:09.640,0:13:12.160 well-feathered, partially spread tail. 0:13:12.160,0:13:18.480 There is also a miniature (bantam) form. 0:13:18.480,0:13:24.390 There are many color variants, the most common being white, cream and black. 0:13:24.390,0:13:32.839 Polish hens are active and curious, sometimes more timidity is indicated, which may be related 0:13:32.839,0:13:41.940 to partially limited vision due to the prominent crest, animals can thus easily be frightened 0:13:41.940,0:13:45.860 away in certain, unfamiliar situations. 0:13:45.860,0:13:51.000 Lastly, we will introduce the Cochin chicken. 0:13:51.000,0:13:58.610 This is a large breed deriving its origin from poultry brought from China to Europe 0:13:58.610,0:14:00.850 and North America. 0:14:00.850,0:14:08.560 They belong to the heaviest breeds of chickens in the world, while roosters can reach a weight 0:14:08.560,0:14:10.089 of almost 6 kg. 0:14:10.089,0:14:16.210 The feet are so heavily feathered that they are not visible at all. 0:14:16.210,0:14:24.080 For this reason, it is necessary to pay attention to the breeding environment - regularly clean 0:14:24.080,0:14:33.200 the coop and the connected areas to avoid contamination and damage to the feathers on 0:14:33.200,0:14:35.670 the feet. 0:14:35.670,0:14:42.110 There are many color variants, from pure white to black, blue, and partridge. 0:14:42.110,0:14:48.490 Yellow-toned variants are often bred for exhibitions, but there is a risk of fading. 0:14:48.490,0:14:52.570 Therefore, breeders try to keep them in shaded areas. 0:14:52.570,0:15:01.399 Although Cochins are kept mainly as an ornamental breed, they have a relatively good productivity 0:15:01.399,0:15:10.450 in terms of egg production, they can lay up to 180 eggs per year. 0:15:10.450,0:15:18.730 Breeding focused primarily on meat production is not profitable, as their meat is rough, 0:15:18.730,0:15:24.600 dry, and therefore not very tasty compared to other breeds. 0:15:24.600,0:15:29.130 It also takes longer for them to reach the required slaughter weight. 0:15:29.130,0:15:37.750 Cochins are calm, flightless, easy to tame, and are considered one of the friendliest 0:15:37.750,0:15:38.950 breeds. 0:15:38.950,0:15:44.780 Breeders state that they belong to quiet breeds. 0:15:44.780,0:15:50.269 Another positive feature is weather resistance and good maternal qualities. 0:15:50.269,0:15:56.000 At this moment, I would like to thank you for your attention. 0:15:56.000,0:16:00.670 If you have any questions, you can use the email listed here.