1 00:00:00,291 --> 00:00:10,260 This presentation has been supported by the Erasmus+ KA2 Cooperation Partnerships grant no. 2021-1-SK01-KA220-HED-000032068 2 00:00:10,301 --> 00:00:18,935 “Innovation of the structure and content of study programs in the field of animal genetic 3 00:00:18,935 --> 00:00:27,777 and food resources management with the use of digitalisation 4 00:00:27,777 --> 00:00:36,619 - Inovácia obsahu a štruktúry študijných programov v oblasti manažmentu živočíšnych genetických 5 00:00:36,828 --> 00:00:41,082 a potravinových zdrojov s využitím digitalizácie”. 6 00:00:41,750 --> 00:00:48,923 The European Commission support for the production of this presentation does not constitute an endorsement 7 00:00:49,424 --> 00:00:56,347 of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, 8 00:00:57,015 --> 00:01:03,354 and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may 9 00:01:04,522 --> 00:01:08,902 be made of the information contained therein. 10 00:01:08,902 --> 00:01:15,283 This presentation has been created by Mr Stanisław Socha, professor from Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities 11 00:01:15,408 --> 00:01:22,707 Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry 12 00:01:22,957 --> 00:01:28,880 Institute of Animal Sciences and Fisheries 13 00:01:28,880 --> 00:01:31,091 This lecture will concern Directions of use of rabbits and chinchillas 14 00:01:31,091 --> 00:01:36,679 breeds and color varieties 15 00:01:36,679 --> 00:01:43,645 and their participation in breeding programs. 16 00:01:44,521 --> 00:01:51,027 Chinchilla – Chinchilla lanigera 17 00:01:51,945 --> 00:02:00,578 South America 18 00:02:00,578 --> 00:02:09,921 (Chile, Bolivia, Argentina 19 00:02:10,380 --> 00:02:17,595 mountainous areas - Andes 3000-4000 m above sea level). 20 00:02:17,804 --> 00:02:21,724 Order - Rodentia. 21 00:02:21,724 --> 00:02:26,354 Origin 22 00:02:27,772 --> 00:02:33,778 The chinchilla originates 23 00:02:34,946 --> 00:02:38,825 from South America 24 00:02:40,076 --> 00:02:44,873 specifically Chile. 25 00:02:44,873 --> 00:02:50,920 Bolivia 26 00:02:52,088 --> 00:02:59,804 Argentina 27 00:02:59,804 --> 00:03:05,393 mountainous areas - Andes 28 00:03:05,393 --> 00:03:11,441 3000-4000 m above sea level. 29 00:03:11,774 --> 00:03:19,490 Another living species 30 00:03:19,490 --> 00:03:26,122 is short-tailed chinchilla 31 00:03:26,289 --> 00:03:33,838 Chinchilla 32 00:03:34,756 --> 00:03:40,220 chinchilla 33 00:03:41,888 --> 00:03:45,767 Formerly known. 34 00:03:46,768 --> 00:03:55,026 as Chinchilla brevicaudata 35 00:03:55,276 --> 00:04:02,158 Its subspecies 36 00:04:02,158 --> 00:04:10,917 the most valuable . 37 00:04:11,334 --> 00:04:17,757 king chinchilla became extinct 38 00:04:17,966 --> 00:04:27,267 The long-tailed chinchilla is used in breeding 39 00:04:28,184 --> 00:04:36,693 Dense 40 00:04:36,693 --> 00:04:43,658 fluffy fur coat 41 00:04:43,658 --> 00:04:50,832 ash-steel gray (black) colour with a white belly. 42 00:04:53,626 --> 00:05:00,341 Body weight of adult animals 400-700 grams 43 00:05:00,550 --> 00:05:06,139 length 20-37 centimeters 44 00:05:07,056 --> 00:05:13,813 their tails average around 9 to 17 centimeters. 45 00:05:15,023 --> 00:05:18,109 They live about 15 years, sexual maturity at 6-8 months 46 00:05:19,319 --> 00:05:25,116 with the ability to breed up to about 8 years. 47 00:05:25,199 --> 00:05:31,914 The purpose of breeding chinchillas: 48 00:05:33,082 --> 00:05:40,965 fur animals 49 00:05:40,965 --> 00:05:49,349 Amateur breeding, pets. 50 00:05:50,475 --> 00:05:54,020 Chinchilla Farm. 51 00:05:54,020 --> 00:05:57,899 Large scale. 52 00:05:57,899 --> 00:06:06,074 A female chinchilla with her young 53 00:06:07,533 --> 00:06:15,583 with her young. 54 00:06:16,793 --> 00:06:22,757 Amateur-bred chinchillas 55 00:06:22,757 --> 00:06:29,097 Wilson white 56 00:06:30,264 --> 00:06:37,605 and standard varieties 57 00:06:38,773 --> 00:06:46,989 In Poland, the breeding initiated in 1956, 58 00:06:46,989 --> 00:06:49,450 by Wł. and Elwira Rżewski in Grywałd (Pieniny). 59 00:06:49,450 --> 00:06:56,457 The development of breeding in recent years (about 12,000 furs) 60 00:06:56,999 --> 00:07:01,629 Guard hairs and downy hairs, vibrissae on the tail and cheeks. 61 00:07:01,629 --> 00:07:10,388 The length of downy hairs varies, on the back it has 21-28 mm. 62 00:07:10,596 --> 00:07:17,770 A bundle of 20-30 downy hairs grow from one bulb. 63 00:07:19,188 --> 00:07:25,903 Guard hairs are 1-3 mm longer than downy hairs and do not have a white zone, they are characterized by a darker color. 64 00:07:26,779 --> 00:07:34,829 There are about 20,000 of hairs per 1 cm2 of chinchilla (back) 65 00:07:34,829 --> 00:07:42,211 Standard - gray on the back and sides and white on the belly. 66 00:07:42,462 --> 00:07:50,386 Participation of three types: La plata (stocky type), Costina (lighter) and Roton (smaller, beautiful coat). 67 00:07:50,386 --> 00:07:54,932 Other color varieties are mutations of the standard. 68 00:07:54,932 --> 00:08:03,274 White: albino (cc), 69 00:08:03,316 --> 00:08:11,657 not-albino (cn cn) - woolly coat, 70 00:08:11,908 --> 00:08:20,500 Wilson white (Ww) - heterozygous → W → lethal gene; black eyes and black tips of the ears, can be white, Platinum or mosaic. Platinum is most valuable. 71 00:08:20,541 --> 00:08:27,006 Beige varieties Tower Delany (Pw -) 72 00:08:28,299 --> 00:08:32,512 Beige Wellman (pr pr) Beige Polish (pp) 73 00:08:33,429 --> 00:08:39,101 Sapphire (ss), Carbon variety (bb), 74 00:08:40,019 --> 00:08:47,318 Gunning Black Velvet (Bl bl) - It is believed to be the most valuable of the color varieties. However, it requires crossing with standards. 75 00:08:47,902 --> 00:08:52,365 The Standard Grey 76 00:08:52,490 --> 00:08:59,580 . A bundle of 20 to 30 downy hairs grow from one bulb. 77 00:09:00,623 --> 00:09:07,338 Wilson White 78 00:09:07,338 --> 00:09:14,387 Black Velvet 79 00:09:15,304 --> 00:09:19,642 Polish beige – darker variety 80 00:09:21,185 --> 00:09:27,525 Polish beige – light beige variety 81 00:09:27,608 --> 00:09:36,158 Sapphire chinchilla 82 00:09:36,367 --> 00:09:41,706 Blue Diamond 83 00:09:42,081 --> 00:09:48,963 White Ebony Extreme Mosaic 84 00:09:48,963 --> 00:09:56,262 Extra Dark Ebony 85 00:09:56,470 --> 00:10:05,021 Pink White 86 00:10:05,521 --> 00:10:12,903 Black Pearl 87 00:10:13,154 --> 00:10:20,953 White Ebony 88 00:10:21,245 --> 00:10:26,751 Standard Royal Persian Angora 89 00:10:27,126 --> 00:10:33,924 Beige Royal Persian Angora. 90 00:10:33,966 --> 00:10:41,599 White Silver Mosaic Royal Persian Angora 91 00:10:42,600 --> 00:10:47,647 Treated leather of different colour varieties of chinchilla. 92 00:10:48,606 --> 00:10:58,407 Chinchillas are herbivorous animals, with well-developed digestive tract 93 00:10:58,407 --> 00:11:06,916 In natural conditions, they eat various grasses, herbs, small fruits, shoots, bark of trees and shrubs. Reproduction 94 00:11:07,291 --> 00:11:13,881 Oestrus - occurs many times a year increased drive from November to May (peak in January and February) - increased day length 95 00:11:14,507 --> 00:11:20,596 maturity for reproduction 6-8 months (capacity up to 8 years), 96 00:11:20,596 --> 00:11:28,104 length of the cycle during the period of activity from 30 to 50 days (up to 41 days) estrus 2 to 4 days, 97 00:11:28,104 --> 00:11:38,656 pregnancy from 105 to 115 days, most often 111 days. 98 00:11:38,864 --> 00:11:45,913 Chinchillas have low reproduction rate. About 4 young per a litter (very difficult to feed) - realistically 2 young per a litter. 99 00:11:45,913 --> 00:11:53,671 Polygamous breeding 1: 4 – 8 100 00:11:55,214 --> 00:12:00,052 Births: The young are born completely hairy, have open eyes and are capable of independent life, weight from 30 to 70 g, depending on age, nutrition and hereditary characteristics. _________________________________________________________ 101 00:12:00,970 --> 00:12:12,773 Weaning after a week, the young can eat solid food, the young can stay up to 45 days; when female is unfertilized - up to 60 days. 102 00:12:12,982 --> 00:12:21,699 If the litters are numerous, the weaning is realized, gradually starting with the strongest individuals (2-5 days). 103 00:12:21,699 --> 00:12:25,703 Housing conditions 104 00:12:27,705 --> 00:12:32,376 According to Rzewski it is necessary to provide: enough natural light fresh air supply 105 00:12:33,252 --> 00:12:40,843 good humidity (50-70%) possibility to regulate the temperature, not lower than 5°C, 106 00:12:41,761 --> 00:12:50,561 and in summer not higher than 25 °C the best temperature for chinchillas varies from 8 to 18°C. 107 00:12:50,811 --> 00:12:59,111 Animal care Not difficult, but it requires regularity, accuracy, care and constant observation of animals. 108 00:13:00,029 --> 00:13:05,534 Chinchillas are active at night and in the evening, so the works are realized in the afternoon or evening. 109 00:13:05,534 --> 00:13:12,708 Chinchilla diseases The occurrence of diseases often depends on: rearing, feeding, care and hygiene conditions. 110 00:13:13,542 --> 00:13:20,049 Diseases in chinchillas can be divided into: non-contagious caused by improper nutrition, not contagious caused by inadequate care, contagious diseases. 111 00:13:20,049 --> 00:13:28,724 Breeding work Important traits in chinchilla breeding include: fur quality traits, animal reproduction and animal health. 112 00:13:29,642 --> 00:13:37,358 Generally, the features can be classified into two groups: quality features and quantitative characteristics. 113 00:13:37,358 --> 00:13:43,948 On this photographs we can see an assessment of a chinchilla. 114 00:13:45,491 --> 00:13:50,871 The value of heritability of conformation traits in chinchillas 115 00:13:51,789 --> 00:14:00,464 Breeding work - characteristics relatively short period of farm breeding, low fertility, relatively long period of pregnancy, 116 00:14:01,340 --> 00:14:09,849 high subjectivity when assessing the phenotype, possible differences between the assessment of features on live animals and the subsequent assessment (price) of skins, animal selection based on phenotypic value, changing fashion for certain types of fur. 117 00:14:11,100 --> 00:14:16,897 RABBITS Origin and biological characteristics of rabbits Domestic rabbits are descended from the European wild rabbits (Orctolagus cuniculus L.). Rabbits belong to the family Leporidae of order Lagomorpha. 118 00:14:17,815 --> 00:14:26,949 European hare and the mountain hare are members of the same family. The scientific name of the rabbit is derived from the Greek oruktês - excavator, lagôs = hare and Latin cuniculus - underground passage → hare digging an underground passage. The European wild rabbit is native to the Mediterranean countries 119 00:14:28,117 --> 00:14:34,540 Presence of rabbits • The European wild rabbits were particularly widespread in southern Europe, especially on the Iberian Peninsula. • The Phoenician sailors named the Iberian peninsula I-Shaphan (Hispania) meaning "land of hyraxes", a misidentification of its numerous rabbits. 120 00:14:34,874 --> 00:14:43,215 The Romans, after conquering the Peninsula transferred the rabbit breeding technique into their entire empire. 121 00:14:43,424 --> 00:14:53,350 Characteristics of European wild rabbits • Wild rabbits are medium-sized animals, about 40-50 cm long, weighting 2-2,5 kg. • The hind legs with 4 toes are strongly developed and twice longer than front paws with 5 toes. Teeth adapted for biting hard food. 122 00:14:53,350 --> 00:15:02,776 The colour of wild rabbit fur varies. Back and sides → yellow-brown, with black, abdomen and the underside of their tail is white. Wild type – ogouti. 123 00:15:05,613 --> 00:15:10,117 Differences Rabbits belong to the same family as hares, but there are differences between them. 124 00:15:11,035 --> 00:15:18,792 Currently, there are also differences between the wild rabbit and the domestic rabbit: breeding season, 125 00:15:19,710 --> 00:15:28,218 • animal weight, • animal colour. 126 00:15:28,344 --> 00:15:34,934 Origin of Angora rabbits • The Angora rabbit comes from a wild rabbit whose hair has been lengthened. Such rabbits appeared in various places and died as less adapted to the natural environment. 127 00:15:35,851 --> 00:15:44,526 Angora rabbits probably come from the area around turkey. 128 00:15:44,526 --> 00:15:54,370 Directions of use of rabbits 129 00:15:54,578 --> 00:16:01,502 Meat use: quality value of the meat, high fertility and prolificacy, high growth rate, low feed consumption, good musculature. • Meat and fur utility, • Fur utility, 130 00:16:02,378 --> 00:16:08,968 • Wool utility, • Use of rabbits as laboratory animals, • The use of rabbits in amateur breeding. 131 00:16:10,928 --> 00:16:15,808 Compared to some types of farm meat, rabbit meat is characterized by a very high protein content 132 00:16:16,725 --> 00:16:23,857 and lower fat content than pork, mutton and even veal. 133 00:16:23,857 --> 00:16:32,783 Features of rabbit meat – importance in human nutrition Rabbit meat is dietary, 134 00:16:32,783 --> 00:16:41,333 easily digestible, low-fat, rich in essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, 135 00:16:42,251 --> 00:16:50,926 The quality of rabbit meat should at the same time meet the conditions required for processing and be consistent with the aesthetic, taste and dietary expectations of the consumer. 136 00:16:53,721 --> 00:17:04,064 The dietary qualities of rabbit meat can be improved by enriching it with unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins (vitamin E) and some microelements. 137 00:17:04,940 --> 00:17:10,195 Classification of breeds in rabbits.Depending on hair coat and body weight: 138 00:17:10,195 --> 00:17:17,369 normal-haired - large, meat type (over 5.5 kg), 139 00:17:17,369 --> 00:17:25,544 normal-haired - medium, meat and fur type (3.5-5 kg), normal-haired - small, fur type (up to 3 kg) including amateur and dwarfs, short-haired - fur type (large and small), woolly, long-haired - medium. 140 00:17:26,420 --> 00:17:32,384 General characteristics of the various breeds Normal-haired - large, meat type 141 00:17:32,384 --> 00:17:36,722 Belgian giants - The largest rabbit, weight exceeds 7 kg, length up to 80 cm. Long, standing ears. 142 00:17:36,764 --> 00:17:45,522 The most common color is agouti (grey-brown). Less common colours: white, brown or black. French ram. Body weight approx. 6.5 kg. 143 00:17:46,482 --> 00:17:54,990 The characteristic feature of this breed are drooping ears. Grey-brown colour. French colors, also white, albino, black, blue and piebald. 144 00:17:55,449 --> 00:18:02,164 Giant piebald Meat and fur breed, bred in England. 145 00:18:02,998 --> 00:18:09,463 Body weight of adult animals is about 6 kg. White with a dark stripe running along the back. 146 00:18:10,380 --> 00:18:16,386 On the sides there are symmetrically located (6-8) black or dark blue spots. 147 00:18:17,262 --> 00:18:23,977 White New Zealand and New Zealand Red White New Zealand: 148 00:18:23,977 --> 00:18:30,317 Meat and fur breed: grown in the USA, brought to Poland in 1964, harmonious appearance, the medium-long body is cylindrical, well developed 149 00:18:30,317 --> 00:18:36,073 body weight 4.5-5.5 kg, early maturing breed. 150 00:18:36,281 --> 00:18:42,704 New Zealand Red Also bred in the USA. The coat is dense, elastic, intensely red-gold with a good sheen. The weight of adult individuals is 4 to 5 kg 151 00:18:44,289 --> 00:18:53,340 California The breed originated in the USA. 152 00:18:54,174 --> 00:19:00,889 The color of this breed is white except for the ears, lower legs, tail and nose which are black. 153 00:19:01,807 --> 00:19:06,895 Rabbits of this breed are characterized by very good musculature. The body weight of adult animals is about 4.3 kg. 154 00:19:08,689 --> 00:19:14,778 French Silvers (Champagne) Bred in France in the Champagne region. 155 00:19:15,070 --> 00:19:23,120 Body weight 4.5-5 kg. Rabbits of this breed are attractive because of their fur. There is a large variation in color. 156 00:19:23,287 --> 00:19:29,751 The white tips of the cover hair give a characteristic silvery appearance. The coat is dense and springy. 157 00:19:30,919 --> 00:19:34,882 Viennese blue They are characterized by a harmonious body structure, a long cylindrical torso, well muscled, the neck and limbs are medium long. Body weight 4.5-5.5 kg. 158 00:19:35,799 --> 00:19:41,138 a long cylindrical torso, well muscled, the neck and limbs are medium long. Body weight 4.5-5.5 kg. 159 00:19:42,014 --> 00:19:48,854 Normal-haired - small, fur type 160 00:19:49,688 --> 00:19:59,156 Not very common in farm breeding. They have mainly fur value. 161 00:19:59,156 --> 00:20:04,328 The representants of this type are: • Black and tan • Dutch rabbit • Alaska rabbit • Japanese 162 00:20:04,786 --> 00:20:12,336 Short-haired rabbits 163 00:20:12,336 --> 00:20:19,301 Characterized by a clearly shortened coat. Weight can reach up to 3.5 kg 164 00:20:19,468 --> 00:20:26,225 They can have chinchilla, blue, white, black, tan, silver, Himalayan, spotted colour. 165 00:20:27,517 --> 00:20:36,735 Long-haired breeds When it comes to long-haired breeds we have: • Angora white, • albinos. 166 00:20:36,735 --> 00:20:44,076 The coat of Angora rabbits is snow-white, hair length up to 15 cm and longer. 167 00:20:45,035 --> 00:20:50,749 Recommended haircut 4-3 times a year, the length of downy hair reaches maturity of at least 6 cm. 168 00:20:52,334 --> 00:20:57,923 169 00:20:57,923 --> 00:21:06,848 German piebald, triple Czech piebald and French silvery 170 00:21:07,015 --> 00:21:16,733 New Zealanders white, New Zealand red, Burgundian, Termonde white 171 00:21:17,651 --> 00:21:25,033 California White, Dutch, Viennese Blue, Viennese Grey 172 00:21:25,909 --> 00:21:34,167 Viennese black, Japanese, greyhound and white 173 00:21:35,085 --> 00:21:42,217 White angora and gray angora 174 00:21:42,217 --> 00:21:50,976 Castorex - Rex 175 00:21:52,185 --> 00:21:57,899 Dwarf - miniature races 176 00:22:00,819 --> 00:22:07,868 Miniature breeds - black and white, black and tan French dwarf 177 00:22:07,868 --> 00:22:14,666 Rabbit breeding Microclimatic conditions: Indoor temperature 14°C - 18 ° C, for females 16°C - 20°C. 178 00:22:14,666 --> 00:22:21,465 Very dangerous overheating above 25°C. light - an important factor affecting the reproduction of rabbits. It can be natural, artificial and combined. 179 00:22:21,590 --> 00:22:30,307 For a breeding stock, 14-16 hours of light per day and 50 lux. 180 00:22:32,225 --> 00:22:37,814 Humidity - 50-70%. Varied conditions of keeping and using rabbits - commercial and hobby farms 181 00:22:38,774 --> 00:22:44,946 Nutrition of rabbits. Anatomy and physiology of the digestive system: 182 00:22:44,946 --> 00:22:51,870 Herbivore, digestive tract length x 13 body length Single and small stomach 180-200 cm3. 183 00:22:51,870 --> 00:22:58,293 Feeding systems: traditional - with the use of roughage and concentrated fodder (small-scale farms) 184 00:22:58,418 --> 00:23:07,135 modern - with the use of full-ingredient granular mixtures. 185 00:23:08,220 --> 00:23:15,102 Reproduction Breeding maturity (3-4 months), small and medium breeds 4-6 months, large breeds 6-8 months 186 00:23:15,102 --> 00:23:24,736 sexual maturity and physical maturity, ability to reproduction - females 4-5 years, males 6-8 years, can live up to 16 years, used in an intensive system of 2-3 years 187 00:23:25,028 --> 00:23:31,618 estrus lasts 12-36 hours, provoked ovulation occurs at 10 hours after mating. 188 00:23:31,827 --> 00:23:36,164 Reproduction Pregnancy length 31-32 days, 189 00:23:36,164 --> 00:23:43,964 during pregnancy, it is not recommended to unnecessarily disturb and move the female, 190 00:23:43,964 --> 00:23:51,304 from 1 to 20 bunnies per litter, on average 6-10 young, 191 00:23:53,890 --> 00:23:58,687 born rabbits: naked, deaf, blind, body weight 50-80 g, the coat begins to grow after 3 days 192 00:23:59,646 --> 00:24:04,776 milk: 29-32 dry matter, 11-14% protein, 11-14% fat, 1.5-2.5% lactose, 2.3-2.5 minerals, 193 00:24:05,652 --> 00:24:13,952 Young up to 16-18 days of age feed exclusively on milk. 194 00:24:15,620 --> 00:24:20,625 Rabbits per 1 g of growth consume 2 g of mother's milk 195 00:24:20,625 --> 00:24:26,798 They can see at the age of about 12 days, after 3 weeks of rearing they leave the nest. 196 00:24:26,798 --> 00:24:31,595 The purpose of rearing: obtaining as many offspring as possible 197 00:24:31,595 --> 00:24:38,727 obtaining well-developed bunnies before weaning without over-exploiting females 198 00:24:38,727 --> 00:24:45,442 Young rearing 199 00:24:46,610 --> 00:24:50,906 Young rearing 200 00:24:51,490 --> 00:24:56,286 Evaluation of working and breeding value: 201 00:24:58,538 --> 00:25:04,794 Based on the phenotype of rabbits: the external characteristics of animals. 202 00:25:08,173 --> 00:25:13,720 Traits related to animal reproduction: fertility and prolificacy, 203 00:25:14,596 --> 00:25:21,061 Rabbit health 204 00:25:23,021 --> 00:25:27,567 Weight gain rate and feed utilization 205 00:25:27,651 --> 00:25:32,948 Evaluation Health 206 00:25:33,156 --> 00:25:41,873 Most common causes of diseases: 207 00:25:43,250 --> 00:25:48,004 insufficient hygiene and improper care of animals 208 00:25:51,007 --> 00:25:57,973 defective nutrition, 209 00:25:58,640 --> 00:26:04,145 unsuitable rooms 210 00:26:05,855 --> 00:26:12,737 failure to comply with the rules of periodic decontamination of cages 211 00:26:13,780 --> 00:26:19,119 fighting infectious diseases from the outside. 212 00:26:20,453 --> 00:26:26,251 Fighting diseases 213 00:26:27,752 --> 00:26:31,381 Crucial steps to fighting diseases in rabbits are: 214 00:26:33,300 --> 00:26:39,931 animal observation 215 00:26:41,474 --> 00:26:50,442 disease prevention 216 00:26:51,818 --> 00:26:55,655 fighting the causes 217 00:26:57,490 --> 00:27:04,539 isolation 218 00:27:04,539 --> 00:27:10,211 of sick animals 219 00:27:10,211 --> 00:27:12,505 Thank you for your attention!