1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,169 This presentation has been supported by the Erasmus Plus 2 00:00:03,169 --> 00:00:05,797 K2 Cooperation Partnerships Grant. 3 00:00:06,256 --> 00:00:11,469 Innovation of the structure and content of study programs in the field of animal genetic and food 4 00:00:11,469 --> 00:00:15,557 resources management with the use of digitalization innovation. 5 00:00:15,557 --> 00:00:20,020 The European Commission support for the production of this presentation does not constitute 6 00:00:20,186 --> 00:00:23,648 an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors 7 00:00:24,315 --> 00:00:28,945 and the Commission 8 00:00:28,945 --> 00:00:32,907 cannot be held responsible for any use which 9 00:00:33,199 --> 00:00:37,120 may be made of the information contained therein. 10 00:00:37,120 --> 00:00:40,790 Modul no. 4: Precision Livestock Farming 11 00:00:44,669 --> 00:00:46,463 My name is Dorota Kołodziejczyk 12 00:00:46,463 --> 00:00:52,427 and I teach at Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities 13 00:00:53,720 --> 00:00:54,596 in the Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries. 14 00:00:56,097 --> 00:00:58,308 The topic of the presentation is honeybee 15 00:00:58,308 --> 00:01:00,435 and its importance in human food economy. 16 00:01:03,480 --> 00:01:06,566 The honeybee is the leader among insects. 17 00:01:07,484 --> 00:01:09,819 It pollinates flowers, and thanks to its work, 18 00:01:09,903 --> 00:01:11,946 the flora is reborn every year. 19 00:01:12,822 --> 00:01:17,077 It is to them that we are not only honey, but also fruits and vegetables. 20 00:01:17,952 --> 00:01:21,706 The share of the honeybee in pollination is 80 to 90%. 21 00:01:22,582 --> 00:01:26,669 The features that predestinate it for this task are: the floral fidelity, 22 00:01:26,878 --> 00:01:29,798 the ability to communicate and develop social instinct 23 00:01:29,798 --> 00:01:32,300 as well as a large population. 24 00:01:35,345 --> 00:01:37,639 When the bees disappear from the face of the earth, 25 00:01:37,931 --> 00:01:42,018 men will only have four years to live 26 00:01:44,646 --> 00:01:46,272 Have look at history beekeeping. The history of man is closely 27 00:01:46,272 --> 00:01:50,068 related to the history of the Bee. 28 00:01:50,819 --> 00:01:55,281 The oldest existing record of the existence of beekeeping 29 00:01:55,281 --> 00:01:59,994 are Paleolithic wall paintings from the Arana Cave in the province of Valencia in Spain, 30 00:02:01,579 --> 00:02:04,541 depicting honey pickers from the nest of wild bees. 31 00:02:04,874 --> 00:02:08,962 They date back to 12,000 years. 32 00:02:09,295 --> 00:02:12,132 Painting from Arana cave – Spain 33 00:02:12,132 --> 00:02:15,260 The benefits of using the work of bees were known to all ancient civilizations. 34 00:02:16,177 --> 00:02:19,556 The ancient Egyptians, Babylonians, Sumerians 35 00:02:19,556 --> 00:02:24,602 and Chinese used honey as a healing agent 36 00:02:25,520 --> 00:02:28,148 honey was also used for embalming 37 00:02:28,690 --> 00:02:30,316 corpses 38 00:02:32,527 --> 00:02:34,779 the Babylonians burying the dead, 39 00:02:34,904 --> 00:02:38,158 smeared them with honey, a symbol of eternal happiness. 40 00:02:39,117 --> 00:02:44,289 For the ancient Greeks, it was the elixir of life and the nectar of the gods. During feasts, 41 00:02:44,497 --> 00:02:47,167 It was used along with water, oil and milk 42 00:02:48,459 --> 00:02:51,129 The greatest 43 00:02:51,129 --> 00:02:54,174 flourishing of beekeeping was observed in ancient Rome. 44 00:02:55,008 --> 00:02:57,343 Numerous beehives made of straw and clay 45 00:02:57,385 --> 00:03:01,389 dating back to 900 B.C., have been discovered in modern day Israel. 46 00:03:02,265 --> 00:03:05,268 Historical data indicate their yield of 500 47 00:03:05,268 --> 00:03:08,563 kilograms of honey and 70 kilograms of wax per year. 48 00:03:08,771 --> 00:03:13,026 Initially, humans searched for the nests of wild bees and took honey from them, 49 00:03:13,151 --> 00:03:16,279 which almost always meant the destruction of the bee colony. 50 00:03:17,155 --> 00:03:21,075 However, humans quickly tried to gain permanent access to honey. 51 00:03:21,868 --> 00:03:25,455 This predatory activity was replaced before 500 B.C. 52 00:03:25,455 --> 00:03:27,582 keeping bees in wild conditions 53 00:03:29,500 --> 00:03:32,462 Honey hunting 54 00:03:32,754 --> 00:03:36,382 Working with bee hives requires a great deal of knowledge 55 00:03:36,549 --> 00:03:41,304 as well as patience, delicacy, attention and finally experience. 56 00:03:41,471 --> 00:03:44,599 So beekeepers were universally respected and admired. 57 00:03:45,475 --> 00:03:48,102 This found expression in the old legislation. 58 00:03:48,937 --> 00:03:51,022 Beekeepers were generally free people. 59 00:03:51,272 --> 00:03:54,150 They had the right to bear arms, hunt and fish, 60 00:03:55,068 --> 00:03:58,154 separate honey hunting courts and collections of honey. 61 00:03:58,154 --> 00:04:00,949 Hunting laws were also created. 62 00:04:00,949 --> 00:04:05,411 One of the areas of intensive beekeeping activity was the Bialowieza Forest, 63 00:04:05,620 --> 00:04:08,289 where you can still find many hundreds of years old 64 00:04:08,289 --> 00:04:11,501 Beekeeping trees and traces of beekeeping activity. 65 00:04:12,252 --> 00:04:14,629 The development of industry and construction 66 00:04:14,629 --> 00:04:19,676 caused a greater demand for wood, which contributed to the decline of beekeeping in favor 67 00:04:19,676 --> 00:04:22,011 of creating apiaries and home hives, 68 00:04:22,929 --> 00:04:25,515 along with moving bee colonies closer to home 69 00:04:25,723 --> 00:04:28,643 modifications were made to the construction of bee rooms 70 00:04:28,810 --> 00:04:32,438 and more time was devoted to caring for them and observing biology. 71 00:04:33,231 --> 00:04:35,650 The monks who kept bees for the sake of the wax 72 00:04:35,650 --> 00:04:38,945 needed for the production of candles, seals and honey. 73 00:04:39,112 --> 00:04:42,615 A food and medicinal product contributed in particular 74 00:04:42,615 --> 00:04:45,994 to the dissemination of beekeeping reality 75 00:04:46,995 --> 00:04:47,787 in the world. 76 00:04:47,787 --> 00:04:51,958 The 16th century brought a lot of information on the biology of bees. 77 00:04:52,125 --> 00:04:55,837 It has been discovered that the Queen bee is raised from the eggs by the worker 78 00:04:55,837 --> 00:04:59,924 bees and is the actual female. In the next century 79 00:04:59,924 --> 00:05:04,595 research was carried out on the anatomy of bees, the sex of drones and workers. 80 00:05:04,804 --> 00:05:08,433 The origin of nectar, Honeydew and propolis were determined. 81 00:05:09,309 --> 00:05:12,520 The 19th century, apart from scientific research, 82 00:05:12,729 --> 00:05:16,274 abounded in many inventions and practical conveniences. 83 00:05:16,482 --> 00:05:19,694 A hose press, a smoker and a slicer were created. 84 00:05:20,528 --> 00:05:23,531 Changes were introduced in the construction of the hive. 85 00:05:23,531 --> 00:05:26,743 Queen bees were raised in natural and artificial cells. 86 00:05:26,743 --> 00:05:29,203 According to Crane 1990, 87 00:05:29,996 --> 00:05:32,165 at the beginning of the 20th century, 88 00:05:32,290 --> 00:05:35,710 the Queen bee was artificially inseminated for the first time, 89 00:05:35,835 --> 00:05:39,464 which enables faster progress in breeding and medicinal product 90 00:05:39,589 --> 00:05:43,009 contributed in particular to the dissemination of beekeeping. 91 00:05:43,885 --> 00:05:47,555 An outstanding personality who combined scientific research 92 00:05:47,555 --> 00:05:51,267 with beekeeping practice was Father JAN DZIERŻON (1811- 1906) 93 00:05:51,309 --> 00:05:54,729 a world famous Polish beekeeper 94 00:05:54,729 --> 00:05:57,815 who announced and later proved the theory of parthenogenesis. 95 00:05:57,857 --> 00:06:02,528 (The virgin birth) only drones are born from an unfertilized egg cell. 96 00:06:02,820 --> 00:06:08,117 He dealt with the origin of royal jelly wax, fat body, construction of hives. 97 00:06:08,326 --> 00:06:11,037 He proved the importance of bees as pollinators. 98 00:06:11,871 --> 00:06:14,624 The honeybee is one of the many species of the bees. 99 00:06:14,624 --> 00:06:17,210 Superfamily, Apoidea. 100 00:06:17,210 --> 00:06:19,754 It is the only one that brings so much benefit 101 00:06:19,754 --> 00:06:22,590 to man and can be kept under controlled conditions. 102 00:06:22,757 --> 00:06:25,760 The honeybee is a farm animal closely related to 103 00:06:25,760 --> 00:06:27,929 and dependent on the natural environment. 104 00:06:28,846 --> 00:06:33,559 It is difficult to say that it is a domesticated animal like some mammals or birds. 105 00:06:33,768 --> 00:06:37,063 Although man has been using it for over 10,000 years. 106 00:06:37,313 --> 00:06:40,358 But it is safe to say that the bee is a social insect. 107 00:06:42,193 --> 00:06:44,529 Polymorphism * Queen 108 00:06:45,571 --> 00:06:49,617 The individual that gathers and unites the whole family is the queen bee. 109 00:06:50,535 --> 00:06:52,870 She lives the longest in the whole family. 110 00:06:52,870 --> 00:06:54,997 4 to 5 years. 111 00:06:54,997 --> 00:06:59,585 The drone bee does not do any work in the family because it has no wax glands, 112 00:06:59,836 --> 00:07:03,881 no baskets on the legs, tissue proboscis, and a small goiter. 113 00:07:04,715 --> 00:07:08,302 They have adapted specifically for successful fertilization. 114 00:07:09,178 --> 00:07:11,389 The worker bee collects nectar, pollen, 115 00:07:11,639 --> 00:07:14,559 honeydew water and balsamic substances. 116 00:07:15,435 --> 00:07:19,689 It exchanges food, transmits information and maternal substance. 117 00:07:20,565 --> 00:07:24,735 It also cleans cells from exudate, feces, 118 00:07:24,735 --> 00:07:27,864 remnants of the cap. Feeds the larvae, 119 00:07:28,698 --> 00:07:32,410 processes food, patrols and defends the nest 120 00:07:33,286 --> 00:07:36,038 built slices and cleans. 121 00:07:36,873 --> 00:07:40,168 In addition to the honeybee called Apis mellifera 122 00:07:40,334 --> 00:07:44,338 the genus apis l includes six species. Bush bee 123 00:07:44,380 --> 00:07:47,592 Apis andreniformis, 124 00:07:47,592 --> 00:07:50,303 red bee (Apis koschevnikowi), dwarf bee (Apis florea), 125 00:07:50,303 --> 00:07:52,597 giant bee (Apis dorsata), 126 00:07:52,597 --> 00:07:54,891 rock bee (Apis laboriosa), 127 00:07:54,891 --> 00:07:57,435 eastern bee (Apis cerana). 128 00:07:57,435 --> 00:08:02,565 All species of the bee genus formed well-organized communities 129 00:08:02,732 --> 00:08:05,985 build wax combs for raising offspring and storing food 130 00:08:06,861 --> 00:08:09,530 They feed on pollen, nectar and honeydew. 131 00:08:10,406 --> 00:08:14,827 They form families consisting of 20 to 80 thousands individuals 132 00:08:14,827 --> 00:08:17,705 that can adapt to changing environmental conditions. 133 00:08:18,623 --> 00:08:20,791 They differ in anatomy and morphology 134 00:08:20,958 --> 00:08:24,504 range of occurrence, different ways of nesting (places 135 00:08:24,629 --> 00:08:26,589 number and size of combs). 136 00:08:26,589 --> 00:08:30,009 Ways of coping with lack of food and environmental conditions. 137 00:08:30,218 --> 00:08:32,386 (Winter, seasonal migrations.) 138 00:08:33,221 --> 00:08:38,976 All species except the honeybee are of little economic importance as they cannot be kept under controlled 139 00:08:40,019 --> 00:08:41,020 The honey bee (Apis mellifera L) 140 00:08:41,020 --> 00:08:45,441 is native to Europe and Africa. 141 00:08:46,317 --> 00:08:50,738 It is also found in the Americas, Australia, South and East Asia, 142 00:08:50,863 --> 00:08:55,034 where it was introduced by man. In the honeybee species 143 00:08:55,076 --> 00:08:59,330 25 populations were distinguished, which due to their behavior 144 00:08:59,330 --> 00:09:02,708 and geographical spread, were divided into four groups. 145 00:09:03,584 --> 00:09:07,004 In Poland, four geographical breeds are allowed for breeding. 146 00:09:07,255 --> 00:09:10,341 Central European, 147 00:09:10,508 --> 00:09:14,345 from the Group of European and North African Bees. 148 00:09:14,554 --> 00:09:16,430 Carniolan 149 00:09:16,430 --> 00:09:19,016 from the Group of Balkan Bees. 150 00:09:19,183 --> 00:09:21,769 Italian 151 00:09:21,978 --> 00:09:23,813 From the group of Balkan bees. 152 00:09:23,813 --> 00:09:26,691 Caucasian 153 00:09:26,857 --> 00:09:30,570 from the Group of Oriental Bees. 154 00:09:31,320 --> 00:09:33,489 An important place in bee breeding work 155 00:09:33,489 --> 00:09:38,244 is occupied by research on the biological characteristics and behavior of bees. 156 00:09:38,619 --> 00:09:39,954 The role of breeding work 157 00:09:41,581 --> 00:09:44,208 is genetic improvement 158 00:09:44,208 --> 00:09:48,421 of the bee population, which leads to an increase 159 00:09:48,838 --> 00:09:53,050 in their utility value. 160 00:09:53,968 --> 00:09:56,512 The evaluation of the value in use comes down 161 00:09:56,512 --> 00:09:59,557 to the measurement of the basic functional characteristics. 162 00:09:59,890 --> 00:10:02,476 Honey and wax yield 163 00:10:04,687 --> 00:10:06,397 Additional functional features 164 00:10:06,397 --> 00:10:10,067 are gentleness, 165 00:10:10,943 --> 00:10:13,821 low tendency to robbery 166 00:10:14,155 --> 00:10:16,991 sticking to combs 167 00:10:18,159 --> 00:10:21,912 non swarming 168 00:10:22,663 --> 00:10:23,789 Breeding work 169 00:10:23,789 --> 00:10:26,500 Breeding work is carried out in two main ways. 170 00:10:27,376 --> 00:10:31,380 Bees are perfected in small regional closed populations 171 00:10:31,422 --> 00:10:34,258 for a specific environment and in one direction 172 00:10:35,092 --> 00:10:37,887 additive volatility is used. 173 00:10:37,887 --> 00:10:41,474 The population is closed to the flow of genes from the outside, 174 00:10:41,682 --> 00:10:43,934 although such a possibility is allowed. 175 00:10:44,810 --> 00:10:49,273 The breeder must fight inbreeding and maintain variability within sex values. 176 00:10:50,149 --> 00:10:53,152 It is necessary to use artificial insemination. 177 00:10:54,028 --> 00:10:57,907 The second way is to introduce a program based on hybridization. 178 00:10:58,074 --> 00:11:02,203 The use of heterosis and the compensatory effects of different races. 179 00:11:03,079 --> 00:11:06,999 There is a need to maintain different lines and thus large populations. 180 00:11:07,208 --> 00:11:09,251 This requires large expenditures. 181 00:11:10,086 --> 00:11:15,007 Programs of this type are implemented in the USA 182 00:11:19,303 --> 00:11:19,679 and Australia greatly. 183 00:11:19,679 --> 00:11:21,972 Insemination of bees 184 00:11:21,972 --> 00:11:26,018 On the following pictures we can see the process of insemination of bees 185 00:11:26,894 --> 00:11:30,523 The everted copulatory organ of a drone 186 00:11:30,523 --> 00:11:33,859 Retrieving sperm from a drone 187 00:11:34,026 --> 00:11:37,738 Dormant mother placed in a cage 188 00:11:37,738 --> 00:11:41,242 Opening the abdomen of a queen bee 189 00:11:41,742 --> 00:11:43,244 Artificial insemination of the queen bee 190 00:11:43,786 --> 00:11:46,163 Economic importance of bees 191 00:11:46,330 --> 00:11:51,669 Proper nutrition and leading a proper lifestyle 192 00:11:52,169 --> 00:11:54,338 are the basic conditions for maintaining health and longevity. 193 00:11:54,672 --> 00:11:56,465 It is important to ensure that our daily diet contains a complete set of 194 00:11:56,465 --> 00:11:59,552 ingredients necessary for the proper functioning of the body. In highly developed countries, 195 00:12:00,386 --> 00:12:01,887 there is no problem with food shortage, but there are difficulties in choosing valuable foodstuffs. More and more consumers realize that they eat inadequately and look for healthy food products. 196 00:12:02,179 --> 00:12:05,933 Honey is a natural food product with high nutritional medicinal 197 00:12:06,100 --> 00:12:09,186 and caloric value with health promoting properties. 198 00:12:10,062 --> 00:12:12,773 Other products of bee origin used in the agrifood, 199 00:12:13,023 --> 00:12:16,944 pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries are also valuable, namely 200 00:12:16,944 --> 00:12:21,365 propolis, royal jelly, pollen, bee bread, wax and bee venom. 201 00:12:21,407 --> 00:12:24,785 The basic components of honey are carbohydrates and water. 202 00:12:25,619 --> 00:12:28,706 The monosaccharides present in honey in the greatest amount 203 00:12:28,706 --> 00:12:31,709 are glucose and fructose, which are reducing sugars. 204 00:12:32,543 --> 00:12:35,629 In the case of disaccharides, it is mainly maltose. 205 00:12:36,672 --> 00:12:40,301 Sucrose, on the other hand, is a non reducing disaccharides. 206 00:12:41,177 --> 00:12:43,804 Other sugars occurring in smaller amounts 207 00:12:43,971 --> 00:12:46,056 are tri and polysaccharide oats. 208 00:12:47,016 --> 00:12:51,103 Honey also contains organic acids from various 209 00:12:51,103 --> 00:12:55,232 aliphatic and aromatic groups that affect the overall acidity of honey. 210 00:12:55,316 --> 00:13:00,946 Lactic malic formic, succinic, citric, butyric, gluconic 211 00:13:01,155 --> 00:13:05,659 mineral compounds, potassium iron, calcium sodium, 212 00:13:05,826 --> 00:13:09,872 manganese, phosphorus cobalt, copper vitamins 213 00:13:10,080 --> 00:13:14,251 b c, e, h, p nitrogen compounds. 214 00:13:15,127 --> 00:13:20,090 On this slide, you can see a table which notes three types of honey 215 00:13:20,132 --> 00:13:23,052 a nectar honeydew as well as their varieties. Honey varieties: nectar, rapeseed, acacia, linden, buckwheat, heather, multiflorous honeydew fir, spruce, pine, larch, birch, maple nectar-honeydew 216 00:13:24,762 --> 00:13:27,431 Many people use honey for its healing benefits. 217 00:13:28,390 --> 00:13:30,851 Some of the specific reasons for using honey 218 00:13:30,851 --> 00:13:35,231 are the facts that it lowers blood pressure and dilates blood 219 00:13:35,231 --> 00:13:39,819 vessels, inhibits the atherosclerotic process, has antibiotic 220 00:13:39,985 --> 00:13:43,739 anti-inflammatory, expectorant and regenerating effects, 221 00:13:43,989 --> 00:13:47,535 acts on pathogenic microorganisms in the respiratory tract. 222 00:13:47,701 --> 00:13:52,623 The contained Essential Oils Act on microbes in the epithelium of the mucous membrane. 223 00:13:53,499 --> 00:13:55,417 Has anti allergic properties. 224 00:13:55,417 --> 00:13:59,046 Works on the liver, bile ducts, kidneys urinary tract 225 00:13:59,046 --> 00:14:03,551 prevents urolithiasis, helps in the treatment of diabetes 226 00:14:03,801 --> 00:14:07,847 causes rapid healing of wounds, purulent wounds and burns, 227 00:14:08,722 --> 00:14:13,853 prevents tooth decay, anti-inflammatory and regenerating, relieves muscle cramps 228 00:14:14,103 --> 00:14:17,231 suitable for compresses for bruises and petechiae 229 00:14:17,398 --> 00:14:20,818 Beeswax is secreted by the wax glands of worker bees 230 00:14:21,068 --> 00:14:24,446 flows out of the tubules and solidifies in the form of thin 231 00:14:24,613 --> 00:14:26,699 white scales upon contact with air. 232 00:14:27,575 --> 00:14:31,203 The main raw material during its production is carbohydrates. 233 00:14:32,079 --> 00:14:36,292 Bees use about four kilograms of honey to produce one kilogram of this product. 234 00:14:37,251 --> 00:14:38,294 The amount of wax 235 00:14:38,294 --> 00:14:42,214 produced during a bee's lifetime does not exceed half of its body weight. 236 00:14:43,173 --> 00:14:46,385 Wax consists of hydrocarbon and fatty acids, 237 00:14:46,385 --> 00:14:49,263 hydroxy acids, alcohols, esters. 238 00:14:50,139 --> 00:14:53,475 It is a solid melts at 60.3 to 239 00:14:53,475 --> 00:14:57,396 65.2 degrees Celsius, dissolves in organic solvents. 240 00:14:57,521 --> 00:15:02,943 It has a pleasant smell and color from almost white through various shades of yellow and green to brown. 241 00:15:03,777 --> 00:15:08,657 It is used for the production of hoses in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. 242 00:15:08,866 --> 00:15:12,202 (paste, varnish, polish) 243 00:15:12,369 --> 00:15:16,081 machine industry (preservative pastes and lubricants), as well as for the production 244 00:15:16,081 --> 00:15:18,751 of candles, souvenirs, etc. 245 00:15:19,543 --> 00:15:23,964 Pollen is an excellent product, supplementing deficiencies in the human diet. 246 00:15:24,882 --> 00:15:27,968 It contains essential amino acids, vitamins, 247 00:15:27,968 --> 00:15:31,805 bio elements and phytohormones that regulate life processes 248 00:15:31,972 --> 00:15:35,309 as well as bactericidal and fungicidal substances. 249 00:15:35,643 --> 00:15:41,315 These pollen is used to alleviate many ailments such as anemia, hypertension, 250 00:15:41,523 --> 00:15:45,736 atherosclerosis, high cholesterol, neurosis and many others. 251 00:15:46,570 --> 00:15:50,115 Royal jelly is a secretion of the throat glands of worker bees. 252 00:15:50,199 --> 00:15:52,743 It is used to feed the larvae, queen bees. 253 00:15:52,868 --> 00:15:55,704 It can also be eaten by worker bees and drones. 254 00:15:56,538 --> 00:15:58,707 It has a white or slightly yellow color 255 00:15:58,707 --> 00:16:01,126 and a bitter sour, slightly sweet taste. 256 00:16:02,044 --> 00:16:05,339 It contains many substances that have a beneficial effect 257 00:16:05,339 --> 00:16:09,218 on human health, including carbohydrates, 258 00:16:10,094 --> 00:16:15,224 exogenous amino acids, protein substances, natural dyes, 259 00:16:16,100 --> 00:16:18,644 minerals, fatty acids, 260 00:16:19,436 --> 00:16:23,023 enzymes, vitamins 261 00:16:25,693 --> 00:16:27,945 and female hormones 262 00:16:27,945 --> 00:16:30,572 It is used both internally and externally. 263 00:16:31,365 --> 00:16:35,577 It has strong bactericidal properties, fights, viruses from group A 264 00:16:35,619 --> 00:16:40,290 and B inhibits the growth of mold and yeast. 265 00:16:41,709 --> 00:16:43,877 it protects the liver against poisoning 266 00:16:43,877 --> 00:16:47,423 with toxic substances and supports it in states of failure. 267 00:16:48,799 --> 00:16:52,011 It lowers cholesterol and dilates the coronary vessels. 268 00:16:52,845 --> 00:16:57,266 It has high nutritional values, has a beneficial effect on metabolism 269 00:16:57,266 --> 00:17:00,436 and in the treatment of anemia and diseases of old age. 270 00:17:01,103 --> 00:17:05,441 A royal jelly also fights numerous skin 271 00:17:05,441 --> 00:17:09,778 ailments and is used in cosmetics as an ingredient in many cosmetics. 272 00:17:10,654 --> 00:17:15,034 Propolis is made of resinous substances collected and processed by bees. 273 00:17:15,909 --> 00:17:20,164 It is used to disinfect all parts of the bees nest, including the combs, 274 00:17:20,330 --> 00:17:24,168 to seal the openings, especially before winter, and to embalm 275 00:17:24,168 --> 00:17:27,087 two large impurities that are impossible to remove. 276 00:17:27,921 --> 00:17:29,173 Propolis contains 277 00:17:30,174 --> 00:17:32,551 50% to 80% of resins, 278 00:17:33,469 --> 00:17:38,766 4% to 15% of essential oils, 12% to 40% of waxes, 279 00:17:39,683 --> 00:17:41,852 4% to 10% of tannins, 280 00:17:42,728 --> 00:17:46,774 5% to 11% of pollen acids, alcohols, 281 00:17:47,024 --> 00:17:50,486 flavonoids, terpenes, mechanical impurities, 282 00:17:51,361 --> 00:17:53,739 Propolis extracts have a bactericidal 283 00:17:53,739 --> 00:17:57,618 and bacteriostatic effect. Due to its properties 284 00:17:57,826 --> 00:18:01,997 Propolis is used in diseases: cardiovascular 285 00:18:02,915 --> 00:18:08,420 otolaryngology, dermatological, layout genitourinary, 286 00:18:09,254 --> 00:18:12,216 layout respiratory, layout food, 287 00:18:13,092 --> 00:18:17,346 All obtained bee products are used as a medicinal agent or medicinal food. 288 00:18:18,222 --> 00:18:21,308 Originally, the products were used in natural medicine. 289 00:18:21,600 --> 00:18:26,105 Now they are more and more often used in unconventional medicine or as a supplement 290 00:18:26,105 --> 00:18:29,358 to traditional pharmacological treatments called apitherapy. 291 00:18:30,192 --> 00:18:34,113 However, it should be emphasized that bees bring more benefits to humans 292 00:18:34,113 --> 00:18:37,908 as pollinators of plants than as suppliers of honey 293 00:18:38,826 --> 00:18:40,119 and other products. 294 00:18:41,495 --> 00:18:44,039 Thank you for your attention.