This presentation has been supported by the Erasmus
Plus K2 Cooperation Partnerships Grant.
Innovation of the structure and content of study programs in the field of animal
genetic and food resources management with the use of digitalization innovation.
Support for the production
of this presentation does not constitute an endorsement of the contents,
which reflects the views only of the authors.
And the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use
which may be made of the information contained therein.
The speaker of this presentation is Mrs Ewa Wójcik.
She’s a professor from the Institute
of Animal Science and Fisheries,
faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry in Siedlce
University of Natural Sciences and Humanities.
She is going to present a short lecture on the topic
of biodiversity of animals and its importance in breeding work. Modul no.: Precision Livestock Farming
Biodiversity is the diversity of all living organisms
found on earth in terrestrialin terrestrial, marine and freshwater ecosystems
and in the ecological complexes
of which they are parts of
This includes diversity within species, between species
and the diversity of ecosystems
Biodiversity occurs at three levels
of nature organization none species, which includes plant communities,
landscapes, species and genetic.
Main threats to biodiversity
include forestry, agriculture,
intensive breeding and fishing and angling,
hunting, water and marine management,
the town and country planning
Species protection
in Poland has a very rich history.
The first mention of animal protection can be found in the following regulation
of the year 1532, in which King Sigismund, the old, introduced the protection
of Bison, Aurochs, Falcons and Swans
in the year 1578, King Stefan Batory introduced
conservations periods for fish
during spawning and defined the rules and methods of their fishing
in 1868, the national Parliament in Lviv passed the Act for the protection
of animals occurring in the Tatras: marmot and wild goats
In the year 1919 was the introduction of the provisions
on the protection of rare animals, as well as plants and natural monuments.
And in the year 1934 was the approval of the first law on nature conservation.
In Poland,
we have
many categories of endangered species
extinct, extinct in the wild
critically endangered,
endangered, vulnerable,
near threatened least concern,
and two more groups which are at the lowest level in terms of danger.
Well,
Poland also has
its red book of animals,
and currently on this list
there is one extinct species called Tarpan.
In 1996,
Poland ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity.
On behalf
of the Republic of Poland.
This convention was ratified and signed by the Presidents in Rio de Janeiro
on the 5th of June in 1992.
In 1996,
acting in accordance with the message of the Convention on Biological Diversity,
Poland officially joined the implementation of the World
Strategy for the Conservation of Animal Genetic Resources undertaken
by FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
In 1999, work began on the National Program
for the Conservation of Animal Genetic Resources,
whose primary goal was to ensure
that the genetic diversity of livestock necessary for food production
and agriculture will be preserved now and
in the future.
On the 25th of April 2012,
Poland adopted the strategy for sustainable development
of rural areas, agriculture and fisheries, which is related to the concept
of multi-functional agriculture,
indicating the need to shape agricultural production in accordance
with the requirements of the environment and landscape preservation
A national strategy
for the sustainable Use and protection of genetic resources
of farm animals and an action plan for these resources was developed
under the Multiannual Program of the Institute of Animal Production
of the National Research Institute called Protection and Management
of National Genetic Resources of Livestock under conditions of sustainable use.
The genetic
resources of farm animals kept in Poland are very significant.
Each species is represented by several breeds
varieties and lines,
among which there are a number of valuable native local breeds
produced in a specific region, perfectly adapted to local environmental conditions,
climate, soil, fodder, resources and subsistence conditions,
characterized
by specific functional features
and unique genotype , often providing unique products
traditionally used by local communities.
All information
on the protection of farm animal genetic resources
in Poland can be found at the website listed below.
For this vision,
some of the livestock covered by the Genetic Resources
Conservation Program in terms of cattle of all species.
So aggressive
of their use.
The Polish red, the oldest Polish breed
whose informal protection was started in 1973,
White backed
a breed that has existed in Poland for centuries.
Later in
the program was launched in 2003,
a Polish red and white.
The program was launched in 2007
and Polish black and white
was launched in 2008.
Most notable
on the first photograph, we can see the white backed cattle
on the second Polish red cow
set, Polish black and white.
And on the last photograph we can see the Polish red
and white cow,
seven breeds of covered by horse
genetic resources protection programs since 1999,
Hutsuls and Polish horses since 2005.
Małopolski and Silesian horses each year
since 2007 Wielkopolski horses,
and since 2008, Sokólski and some horses
on the first photograph.
We can see it's Hutsul horse on the second Polish horse.
Third Małopolski horse, fourth Wielkopolski horse.
Then we can see SIlesian,
Sokólski and Sztum horses.
Genetic protection covers, breeds derived
from primitive pigs from the Polish and Vilnius regions.
The natural development
of the pig population of local breeds
given
the current market conditions,
would be impossible due to worse performance rates for fattening
and slaughter in relation to meat breeds and their hybrids
Pigs of local breeds have the following characteristics
good fertility, prolificity and maternal characteristics.
Very good meat quality
specification genetic resistance to diseases specific to these breeds
and genetic and phenotypic differences,
from breeds commonly held.
the pigs that are
under the genetic protection program
are Puławska pig, White Goldsmith's Pig,
and golden spotted pig
Native primitive sheep breeds played a large role
in the formation of later noble regional types of sheep,
and the old type merino was the progenitor
of a group of merino sheep characterized by excellent quality wool.
Local sheep breeds are characterized by very good adaptation
to local environmental conditions, minimum feed requirements
and high resistance to diseases and unfavorable living conditions
protected by the genetic program are the following Sheep breads
Whitehead Sheep
Podhale Cakiel, colored merino
polish old style merino blackhead sheep
Kamieniec sheep, Corriedale Sheep,
Olkuska sheep, sheep of the Foothills,
Pomeranian sheep, Świniarka sheep
Uhruska, Polish heath sheep
Żelaźnieńska sheep, Polish mountain sheep
and polish colored mountain sheep.
In regards to goats, there are three breeds
that are under the genetic protection program.
These are called Karpacka goat, Sandomierska Goat, Kazimierzowska Goat
Among chickens.
We have seven breeds that are protected by the genetic program.
Those are two genes of the Polish crested Rhode Island Red.
Rhode Island, White, Leghorn, Sussex,
POLBAR, Green legged partridge
and yellow legged partridge.
The National Program for the Protection of Animal Genetic Resources covers
14 breeds and variety of geese, including Bilgoraj, Zatorska .
Garbonosa, Kartuska, Kielecka, Lublin, subcarpatian.
Pomeranian, Ripinska, Suwalska
Slovak, Romanesque, Cuban, Landes
also covered by the National Program for the animal.
Genetic resources are ducks, but those duck species are
Polish Pekin, Danish Pekin, French Pekin, English
Pekin and mini ducks
Among furry animals covered by the program are: Popielno white rabbit, beige chinchilla,
white necked and pastel fox, as well as breeding Polecat
Also found in the protection program
are coypu.
These are: Black dominant and the Golden non albino white, Sable,
Pearly and
Greenlandic.
Fish are also protected by the program.
The fish covered are the Rainbow trout.
Zator Carp, Starzawa Carp Lithuanian carp.
Ukrainian carp and polish Golyski Carp.
The bees, which are also protected are the Campino
Augustów, Asta, Kraińska line Good.
https://www.ekologia.pl/srodowisko/przyroda/rys-opis-wystepowanie-i-zdjecia-zwierze-rys-ciekawostki,22682.html https://www.ekologia.pl/wiedza/zwierzeta/swistak https://www.ekologia.pl/srodowisko/przyroda/bielik-opis-wystepowanie-i-zdjecia-ptak-bielik-ciekawostki,28181.html https://dinoanimals.pl/zwierzeta/morswin-phocoena-phocoena/ http://www.drapiezniki.pl/481-niedzwiedz-brunatny.html https://visitmalopolska.pl/en_GB/-/tatry-moc-gor- https://tamtrongroup.com/pl/przemyslu/lesnictwo/ https://www.sadyogrody.pl/agrotechnika/103/nowoczesne_rolnictwo_moze_isc_w_parze_z_bioroznorodnoscia,2522.html https://dzielonaturyblog.wordpress.com/2016/11/18/kontrowersje-wokol-myslistwa/ https://swiatrolnika.info/informacje/ https://www.ekologia.pl/ciekawostki/sukces-w-tatrach-zyje-coraz-wiecej-kozic,20000.html https://hotel-polska.eu/zagospodarowanie-przestrzenne/ https://turystyka.wp.pl/puszcza-bialowieska-zubr-zaatakowal-turyste-6551516419685248a https://www.ekologia.pl/srodowisko/przyroda/kozica-tatrzanska-opis-wystepowanie-i-zdjecia-zwierze-kozica-tatrzanska-ciekawostki,23377.html https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarpan_%28ko%C5%84%29 https://kliniska.szczecin.lasy.gov.pl/aktualnosci/-/asset_publisher/Wo5w/content/kilka-slow-o-koniku-polskim- http://www.bioroznorodnosc.izoo.krakow.pl/ https://izoo.krakow.pl/
Thank you for your attention.